On this day, 80 years ago, an important concert featuring premieres by Charles Ives took place at the McMillin Theatre, Columbia University, New York City.
Three works were given their premieres by a group of graduate students from the Juilliard School – two short pieces for orchestra, The Unanswered Question and Central Park In The Dark, and the String Quartet no.2. Listened in sequence they give insight into Ives’s originality as a composer, which shines as brightly today as it did then:
Stewart Goodyear (piano, above), City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra / Kazuki Yamada
Simon Hellfighters’ Blues (2024) Mazzoli Sinfonia (for Orbiting Spheres) (2014) Gershwin Rhapsody in Blue (1924) Ives ed. Sinclair Three Places in New England (1911-14) Gershwin An American in Paris (1928)
Symphony Hall, Birmingham Wednesday 21 January 2026
Reviewed by Richard Whitehouse
The heady interplay of jazz and blues idioms (with a little help from pioneer W. C. Handy) of Carlos Simon’s Hellfighter’s Blues launched in exhilarating fashion this City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra concert, pertinent as the 250th anniversary of American Independence approaches.
Missy Mazzoli’sSinfonia (for Orbiting Spheres) could not have been further removed with its formal parallel to that of the solar system; an abstraction offset by the ‘sinfonia’ connotations of a Medieval hurdy-gurdy whose modal drone, recreated here with harmonicas played by the horns and woodwind, underlies the piece’s increasing velocity. That this suggested a tangible connection with the past and, at the same time, absorbed accrued influences into an idiom of today said much about the effectiveness of Mazzoli’s modus operandi these past two decades.
It could have been a conceptual leap too far from here to Gershwin’s galvanizing of the ‘jazz age’ aesthetic almost a century earlier yet Rhapsody in Blue has lost but little of its edge in the interim, especially as Stewart Goodyear rendered its solo part with almost reckless enjoyment. With almost every focal point either underlined or rendered in inverted commas, this was not the subtlest of performance, but Kazuki Yamada was at one with his pianist in conveying the breezy excitement of this music, with the final stages emerging as a high-octane apotheosis. Goodyear is evidently a pianist with whom to reckon – maybe his next appearance will find him tackling Gershwin’s Piano Concerto in F? For the present, he gave the slow movement of his own Piano Sonata (1996), poised midway between Copland and Piston, as plaintive encore.
Whatever his radical tendencies, Charles Ives embodies the ethos of an earlier age (Michael Tilson Thomas aptly described him as America’s greatest late-Romantic composer), such as felt uppermost with Yamada’s take on Three Places in New England. So the intensifying of feeling in The ‘St. Gaudens’ at Boston Common was secondary to a distanced recollection of time, while the elaborate march-fantasy that is Putnam’s Camp, Redding, Connecticut was genial rather than boisterous – albeit until its accumulation of activity for an ending of visceral abandon. The Housatonic at Stockbridge yet which left the deepest impression – its fervent evocation of place from the vantage of marital bliss duly inspiring a welling-up of emotion which not even Yamada’s slight over-hastiness could rob of its sheer eloquence.
An American in Paris might have been an awkward piece with which to close, but succeeded well on its own terms. Something between tone poem and symphonic rhapsody. Gershwin’s evocation of a compatriot (himself?) a little lost in the French capital received an impulsive yet perceptive reading. There was a start-stop feel to its earlier stages, but what ensued was rarely less than persuasive – not least those final bars with their tangible sense of resolution.
It certainly brought to a resounding close a concert which conveyed much of the sheer variety of American music across little more than a century. Hopefully Yamada will programme more of this repertoire – perhaps an Ives symphony or music by the late, great Christopher Rouse?
Ives Four Ragtime Dances (1902-04, rev. 1916) Fugue in Four Keys on ‘The Shining Shore’ (c1903) The Pond (c1906, rev, c1912-13) The Rainbow (first version, 1914) An Old Song Deranged (c1903) Skit for Danbury Fair (c1909, real. Sinclair) The Gong on the Hook and Ladder or Fireman’s Parade on Main Street (c1911, rev. 1934) Chromâtimelôdtune (c1923, real. Singleton) Tone Roads – no.1 (c1913-14); no.3 (c1911/13-14) Set of Incomplete Works and Fragments (ed. Singleton/Sinclair, 1974) March no.2, with ‘Son of a Gambolier’ (c1892) March no.3, with ‘My Old Kentucky Home’ (c1893) March ‘The Circus Band’ (c1898-99, rev. 1932-33) Arrangements (1896-97) – Schubert: Marche militaire in D, D733 No. 1 (1818). Schumann: Valse noble, Op. 9 No. 4 (1834-35). Schubert: Impromptu in C minor, D899 No. 1 (1827)
Orchestra New England, Orquesta Sinfónica de Navarra (arrangements) / James Sinclair
Naxos American Classics 8.559954 [75’43”] Editions John Kirkpatrick, Jacques-Louis Monod, James Sinclair, Kenneth Singleton and Richard Swift Producers Neely Bruce, Jan Swafford Engineers Benjamin Schwarz with Jonathan Galle and Gonzalo Noqué
Recorded 24/25 October 2023 at Auditorio Barañaín, Pamplona-Navarra, Spain (arrangements), 12-14 March 2024 at Colony Hall/Choate Rosemary Hall, Wallingford CT, USA
Reviewed by Richard Whitehouse
What’s the story?
Naxos continues its long-term series devoted to the orchestral music of Charles Ives with this volume of shorter pieces and arrangements, several of them recorded for the first time and conducted by James Sinclair, whose involvement with the composer now stretches back across 50 years.
What’s the music like?
Miniatures for a variety of forces are found right across the four decades of Ives’s composing and range from unformed experiments to perfectly realized exemplars of his idiom. Many of these were collated in the dozen or so Sets that Ives assembled at various stages in his career (recorded on Naxos 8.559917) while there are various others which resist any such compiling, and these can mostly be found here – often in critical editions prepared by a formidable team of Ives scholars, hence rounding out the picture of his creativity in the most immediate terms.
Written at the outset of the genre’s golden age, the Four Ragtime Dances neatly complement each other as regards form and content; elements from each finding their way into the second movement (The Rockstrewn Hills) from the Second Orchestral Set, which builds upon their anarchic humour accordingly. Following the shimmering polytonal ambivalence of the Fugue on ‘The Shining Shore’, the unworldly evocations The Pond and The Rainbow find Ives at his most intimate and confessional – as does the admittedly more genial An Old Song Deranged. Not so Skit for Danbury Fair, its inherent iconoclasm finding greater focus in the graphically descriptive The Gong on the Hook and Ladder or contrasting Tone Roads Nos. 1 and 3 which embody Ives’s thinking on indivisibility of life and music in the most uncompromising terms.
It was once thought Chromâtimelôdtune might be the missing Tone Road No. 2, yet this late and possibly incomplete piece is likely an acerbic response to the Modernism emerging from post-war Europe which seemingly preoccupied Ives in those twilight years of his composing. The three song-based Marches date from an earlier and ostensibly more carefree phase, their debunking couched in humorous terms, while the Set of Incomplete Works and Fragments is a judiciously conceived entity that should not have had to wait 50 years for its first recording. The orchestrations are from Ives’s study with Horatio Parker at Yale: that of Schubert’s First Marche Militaire and Schumann’s Valse noble (from Carnaval) are expert but anonymous, that of Schubert’s First Impromptu results in a ‘theme and variations’ of striking prescience.
Does it all work?
Yes, inasmuch that the effectiveness of these pieces largely depends on the conviction of their performers and, with Sinclair at the helm, this can be taken for granted. As can the excellence of Orchestra New England in repertoire it has often been playing for decades, and if Orquesta Sinfónica de Navarra might appear an unlikely choice for Ives’s undergraduate arrangements, it acquits itself admirably. The sound throughout is unexceptionally fine, and Sinclair’s own annotations are succinctly informative as to the genesis and context of some intriguing music.
Is it recommended?
Indeed, this is a necessary addition to a valuable series – hopefully to be continued before too long with recordings of the Fourth Symphony and Universe Symphony as partially realized by David Porter, of which Sinclair gave a memorable account at the Aldeburgh Festival in 2012.
Listen & Buy
For buying options, you can visit the Naxos website – or listen to the recording on Tidal below:
This month we mark 150 years since the birth of American composer Charles Ives in Connecticut, on 20 October 1874.
Ives is a fascinating and often divisive figure, revered by some yet derided by others. Perhaps because of that his music does not enjoy a great deal of concert hall exposure, but once you begin to explore his output a huge range of music awaits your ears.
No doubt, his music is not for anybody – but if you listen to the playlist below, you will see just what an imaginative composer he was, so much so that his music continues to inspire and even baffle to this day, in the best possible way!
My own Ives watershed came courtesy of the Variations on America, an often outrageous set of variations on the tune behind the British National Anthem, played by the impish organist Simon Preston. Ives said that playing the pedal part on the organ was “as much fun as playing baseball” – a quote that embodies his open and often humourous approach to music. I also had the honour of playing cello in a performance of General William Booth Enters Into Heaven, an eventful and ultimately touching scene for voice and orchestra.
Hymn tunes, folk sources, complex note systems, innovative textures – all these qualities and more are found in the Symphony no.4 alone, while shorter pieces such as The Unanswered Question and Central Park In The Dark show an uncanny ability for mind-opening scene setting.
The message is definitely that the more time you spend with Ives, the more his music reveals. Try it and see how you get on!
published by Ben Hogwood, with text appropriated from the press release
Nonesuch Records releases Jeremy Denk’s Ives Denk on October 18. The pianist, known as a champion of Charles Ives, is acclaimed for his performances of the great American composer’s works. Ives Denk, released in celebration of the 150th anniversary of Ives’ birth, features the composer’s four violin sonatas, performed with violinist Stefan Jackiw, as well as remastered versions of his Sonatas No. 1 and 2 for piano, from Denk’s 2010 debut recording, Jeremy Denk Plays Ives. ‘In the Barn’, the second movement of Sonata No. 2 for violin and piano, is available to download and can be listened to here:
In his liner note, Denk says that Ives’ “deepest dream was to create an original musical style, a fresh and uniquely American voice. He achieved this. But it was a voice most didn’t want to hear, and still don’t. He is one of history’s least popular populists … Ives’ writing – especially the later ones, when he was in terrible physical decline – are… often unhinged with anger, full of mean-spirited nicknames and simplistic binaries, they reflect some of the worst angles of America. One thing that saves Ives’ music from these dangers is his sense of humour, and his willingness to embrace failure.”
“If there is one piece that sums up for me Ives’ difficult virtues, it is the slow movement of the first violin sonata, a jagged musical reflection on the Civil War, so eerily relevant now, with America split into red-blue madness. It is interesting to compare this kind of piece, profound yet unloved, with the far more identifiably American voice of Aaron Copland … Ives is optimistic but always messy, always falling apart at the seams. His music suggests America will just have to muddle through, and wrestle with its own failure. At this particular historical moment, Ives seems to be more right than ever.”
“‘In the Barn’ is a joyful disaster,” Denk says of the second sonata movement, above. “It starts with country fiddling, slips slyly into urban ragtime, and as time passes, every imaginable genre makes a cameo – overheated Wagnerian Romanticism, fashionable exoticism, a dizzying tour of the early twentieth century musical world.”
Ives / Denk will contain the following repertoire:
Violin Sonata no.4 ‘Children’s Day at the Camp Meeting’ Violin Sonata no.3 Violin Sonata no.2 Violin Sonata no.1 Piano Sonata no.1 Piano Sonata no.2 ‘Concord, Mass., 1840-1860’
Published post no.2,277 – Wednesday 21 August 2024
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